Business Data Analysis Abu Dhabi Municipality

The eNotes Blog Helen Fielding Working on New Bridget Jones Novel(v.g.)

Helen Fielding Working on New Bridget Jones Novel(v.g.) Everyones favourite singleton to be thrust into the brave new world of Twitterature. Its been thirteen long years since a new volume of Bridget Jones diary, with all its obsessive weight woes and love laments, has been unleashed upon the world. In that time, fanatics have had to content themselves with reading the series two books over and over again, to the point of having memorized them by rote. (Okay, maybe some of us are more fanatical than others.) But the agonizing wait is finally over: Helen Fielding has confirmed that she is working on a new Bridget Jones novel to be released late next year. Hurrah! And one of the most interesting tidbits to come out of Fieldings announcement is how her writing and Bridgets life will be thrust into the world of 2012. Instead of beginning the day with her routine account of weight, alcohol units drunk, calories consumed, and 1471 calls made, Bridgets diary entries will begin with a tweet. Says Fielding, Its more like number of Twitter followers: 0. Still no followers. Still no followers.' Perhaps Fielding will take it a step further. What if Bridgets diary was not on paper at all? What if she has discovered the world of blogging, even tumblr, or instagram? Not only does the new medium give Fielding lots to play with, it gives Bridget an infinite number of worries to obsess over, like the number of visitors she has on her online dating profile, or her mothers permeating presence on Facebook. Worries that make her just like the rest of us, regretful though we are to admit it. In the age of social networks and text messages, Bridget has the power of instant drunken replies.Oof, tumbled over. As for the story at the heart of the work, its a mystery as to whether the perennial men of Bridgets life, sensible Mark Darcy and reprehensible Daniel Cleaver, will be making an appearance. Some characters remain and some may have disappeared, Fielding said. Theyll still be presences in the book. Like all of us you keep your friends, people stay in your life, but everyones life moves on. What? Possibly no Darcy and Cleaver? But what will have become of Bridget? If she is to have aged in real time, that would put her in her late 40s to early 50s. Is she the tragic spinster retread she always feared shed be, the threat of being half eaten by alsatians looming? Or the lonely single mother of a pair of troublesome teenagers? Fielding isnt giving away much information. She has grownup. My life has moved on and hers will move on too. Shes still trying to give up [drinking and smoking], shes still on a diet. Shes trying a bit harder, and is a bit more successful, but shes never really going to change. Phew. Now all one has to worry about awaiting this twitterature-influenced Bridget Jones episode is avoiding eating the entire contents of ones fridge. Non v.g.

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a paper stating why Term

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a stating why teenagers should have a curfew - Term Paper Example Based on research teenagers under curfew have high moral respect for both their parents and other people. On the other hand, teenagers not monitored always fall in social problems. This includes violent crimes and prostitution related activities. It, therefore, is a non-disputed fact that having students in curfews shapes their future. Keeping teenagers in curfew is a means of curtailing their freedom while improving their future. The consequences of curfews for teenagers do not serve their purpose. They are lousy ideas, which force teenagers to do the exact opposite of what is expected. According to research, teenagers tend to violate rules of curfew to do the extreme. They arrive in school late and engage in indiscipline cases, to get notice from other students (Robert 68). Drawing boundaries for teenagers initiate a fight between the students and the set boundaries. Teenagers under curfew, therefore, are problematic that teenagers acting on a free will. Consequently, curfews derail teenagers from revealing their talents, which should be exploited adequately. Talents are extremely beneficial in the life of teenagers; therefore, teenagers need curfews for regulation. Students lacking curfews tend to waste their talents on non-relevant

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Strategic management - Essay Example Running an advert for a new project is significant before embarking in the real project. Therefore, vital control measures play a major role. Again, if the implementation is not executed according to plan, the company will not attain its desired goals. Strategic surveillance is essential for observing events in and out of a business that have a high potential of affecting the strategy. This is done by carrying out market research, utilizing past information, attending business meetings and tracking social networking sites. When a small business is planning to establish a new project, it is important for it to analyze literature in the relevant field to avoid making the wrong decision (Stephen, Lakhani, Brown & Malmi, 2008). On the other hand, special alert control refers to a thorough and speedy reassessment of a company’s strategy following a sudden event. For example, when an investor acquires a company’s competitor, it demands for immediate reassessment of the strategy because the investor could be planning to position the competitor so that it can achieve a competitive advantage. Surveillance control only predicts on potential risks while special alert control works to correct the predicted occurrence. Implementa tion control ensures that any established strategy whether meets the expected threshold. Operational control and assessment are essential in every business organization. The operations determine the possible outcome in the end. This means that high operational cost will lead to lesser profits hence the need to incorporate time, budgets and success factors in operations control and evaluation. Operations management ensures that proper designing, planning and control of production process is attained so that the business targets are met (Pearce & Robinson, 2011). Budgets are essential in establishing whether the operations are going beyond the manageable levels. Budgets

Fashion Promotion of Dior JAdore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Fashion Promotion of Dior JAdore - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Promotion of Dior J’Adore" discovers the Promotion of Dior J’Adore. Francis Demachy enjoyed a very good repute since his past experience was with another luxury brand, Chanel, and was responsible for managing the in-house creation of the perfumes. There is a long history associated with the creation of J’Adore , where the founder of the Dior, Christian Dior always expressed his passion towards the flowers and wanted to incorporate the fragrance of the flowers in a bottle so that the scent was at the disposal of the users. This is known as one of the most feminine scents of the modern world were the glamorous fragrance of the perfume has not only made it incredibly popular in the market of the luxury goods but at the same time the popularity of the perfume had enabled the House of Dior to even introduced the several variants which have different concentrations. The scent of the J’Adore is gleaming, brilliant and luminous and thanks to the shimmery texture of the perfume, that when it is applied it leaves golden scent shimmers on the skins of the users which look very much like the sunbeams. J’Adore is regarded as one of the most incredible female brands and it depicts a feminine and delicate touch which is in line with the style which has been adopted by Dior. It is sweet but bamy at the same time, which a very sharp floral with an addition of the fresh mandarin , jasmine, plum and roses and musky scent to it at the same time. The brand identity which has been established with J’Adore.... It is sweet but bamy at the same time, which a very sharp floral with an addition of the fresh mandarin , jasmine, plum and roses and musky scent to it at the same time. Overview of the Brand Identity The brand identity which has been established with J’Adore is that there is touch of sophistication and glamour attached with it, giving the user a very lush , high quality experience. It uses a brand enforcing strategy where a class division has been added by enforcing the superiority in the product. The conventional and the traditional approach which had previously been adopted by the luxury products has been rejected by J’Adore and denounces the materialistic view, which not only gives the brand a strong brand identity but at the same time has been able to give J’Adore a competitive edge as well. It very clearly states in the advertisements and the marketing strategies that the gold , expensive cars , jewellery do not play any role in making you stand out from th e crowd, but instead it is your unique fragrance that plays a part in helping you stand out. Brand has projected its tag line stating : ‘wear J’adore and you can regain your sense of humanity.’ (When The World Whispers†¦Shout | Corporate Brand Management) â€Å"Gold is cold. Diamonds are dead. A limousine is a car. Don’t pretend. Feel what’s real† is the line which has been used in many of the advertisements of the perfume, which adheres to the view point, stated above. â€Å"(When The World Whispers†¦Shout | Corporate Brand Management) The uniqueness of the perfume can be displayed in the bottle which is in the shape of a Greek Amphora which exhibits

Cancer Stem Cells: Properties, Concepts and Models

Cancer Stem Cells: Properties, Concepts and Models Tumours are made up of a heterogeneous population of cells which are distinct in terms of their differentiation competencies, proliferative capabilities as well as functional properties. [A] The mechanisms responsible for such heterogeneity are the subject of research, and two models have been put forth in order to explain the phenomenon – Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and clonal evolution. [A] Cancer stem cells are a subset of the total population of cells in a tumour that have the ability to undergo self-renewal, as well as to differentiate into the different types of cells that comprise the tumour. [A] These CSCs are said to be responsible for tumorigenesis as well as for driving tumour growth. [U] Evidence supporting the existence of cancer stem cells Differences in clonogenicity among cancer cells were first documented in cases of leukaemia and multiple myeloma. It was found that 0.01 – 1% of the cells were capable of extensive proliferation, and able to establish colonies when grown in vitro (Park, C. H., Bergsagel, D. E. McCulloch, E. A. Mouse myeloma tumor stem cells: a primary cell culture assay. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 46, 411–422 (1971). Two possible explanations existed for this – either leukemic cells had a low overall capacity for proliferation, or only a definite subset of these cells were clonogenic. In 1994, John Dick and his group of researchers carried out a landmark study where CSCs were isolated from a mouse model that had been transplanted with human AML cells. [Z15] This was the first conclusive evidence for the existence of a subset of the leukaemia cells that were highly clonogenic, in comparison to the remaining cancer cells. It was later observed that a similar condition exists in the case of solid tumours, where only a small subset of the total cell population is tumorigenic. [G] Origins of cancer stem cells Several contradictory theories exist regarding the cellular origins of cancer stem cells. Some state that these cells are derived from normal stem cells that have acquired oncogenic mutations [G], others refute this with the claim that cancer stem cells can arise from a committed progenitor cell that has acquired the properties of a stem-cell during its cancerous transformation [Z1], while yet others suggest that these cells could arise as a result of a fusion event between a stem cell and a tumour cell. [N] The idea that cancers could arise from normal stem cells is highly plausible because not only do they continuously undergo divisions, but they are also long lived, allowing them to accumulate multiple mutations, as is required for a cancerous transformation. [B] Apart from the accumulation of mutations, the interaction of a cell with its local microenvironment also influences the tumorigenic process. Mouse leukaemia models have been able to provide evidence that given suitable niche conditions, a progenitor cell is capable of de-differentiating to form a CSC. [V] However, since most progenitor and mature cells have a relatively short life-span, it seems unlikely that will be able to acquire the oncogenic mutations required to render them tumorigenic. [I] Despite these explanations, the exact origin of most tumours and cancer stem cells remains unknown, and can only be speculated based on experimental findings. [A] Additionally, irrespective of the origin, the identification and isolation of CSCs in a tumour indicates that there exists a functional hierarchy exists within the tumour tissue. [L] Properties of cancer stem cells These cells can undergo symmetric as well as asymmetric divisions, which results in the expansion of the cancer stem cell population itself, as well as an increase in the number of differentiated cells that constitute the bulk of the tumour. [Z1] THE CANCER STEM CELL MODEL As previously mentioned, two models have been put forth to explain the heterogeneity of a tumour cell population. The first model is the CSC model, also known as the hierarchical model, which states that within a tumour, there exist different classes of cells and that the CSCs represent a biologically distinct subpopulation of cells that are capable of propagating the tumour. [C] It suggests that the characteristics of the cells within the tumour are intrinsically determined and therefore only certain cells possess the ability to undergo extensive proliferation to initiate tumour formation, these cells are called the CSCs; while the remaining cells are incapable of tumorigenisis. According to the CSC model, although most cancers arise from a group of cells that are genetically monoclonal in nature, the high level of tumour heterogeneity is a result of the interaction between cells that are in different states of differentiation after have initiated from a common precursor. [Z12] Evidence supporting this hypothesis emerges from the observation that though tumours may initially respond well to chemotherapy, there is often a case of relapse; which could occur due to the CSCs that persist post-treatment and are then able to re-initiate tumour formation. [Z13] There are, however, limitations to the CSC model; the first being that all studies that support it have only addressed the potential of the cells to proliferate and give rise to tumours, but not the actual fate. [D] Since the conditions applied to test the tumorigenic potential of these cells may vary considerably from the conditions experienced by the cells in vivo, we do not know which of these cells actually contribute to the establishment and growth of the primary tumour. It is also noteworthy that it has been found that if the population of cancer cells acquires an immense number of mutations and aberrations, then almost all of them begin to show stem-like properties. [C] In such a case, the CSC model becomes irrelevant. On the other hand, the stochastic model states that cells in a tumour are biologically equivalent, and that each cell has the ability to act as a CSC, given the right circumstances. A combination of intrinsic and extrinsic influences is said to determine the proliferative capacity and the ultimate fate of a cell. [C] Behaviour of a cell is therefore not pre-determined by intrinsic characters alone and tumour initiating cells cannot be enriched. It is however likely for both these paradigms to be observed in vivo, in different cancers. Some cancers may follow the CSC model, while others may not. Based on transplantation studies in mice, it has been found that only in a fraction of cases, does AML follow the CSC model while in others there is no evidence for the existence of a highly tumorigenic sub-population of cells that continue to display CSC activity upon serial propagation. [F] Therefore, although CSCs may be responsible for driving the growth of a majority of tumours and cancers, there are studies which indicate that certain malignancies may be sustained primarily by the bulk of the tumour cells. [F] IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF CANCER STEM CELLS Cancer stem cell assays Purification and enrichment techniques CSC markers CSCs in various cancers HETEROGENEITY IN CANCER STEM CELL POPULATIONS Based on the study of the CSC model, the question arises as to whether similar hierarchical subpopulations of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic are observed in patients suffering from the same type of cancer; and whether these tumorigenic CSCs can be isolated based on conserved cell- surface markers. However it has been found that there are often phenotypic differences in CSCs even within the same cancer sub-type. [E] For example, though it has been found that the CD44+/CD24- population of breast cancer cells are generally tumorigenic, this is not universally the case and in certain cases, it has been found that cells of diverse phenotypes are able to act as CSCs. (Al-Hajj, M., Wicha, M.S., Benito-Hernandez, A., Morrison, S.J., and Clarke, M.F. (2003). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 3983–3988.) Similarly, in gliomas CD133 expression is not always associated with CSCs, and in certain instances CD133- cells have also been found to be tumorigenic. (Beier, D. et al. CD133+ and CD133– glioblastoma derived cancer stem cells show differential growth characteristics and molecular profiles. Cancer Res. 67, 4010–4015 (2007). Apart from the phenotype, the frequency of CSCs in a solid tumour or population of cancer cells is also variable. In melanomas, CSCs constitute anything between 1.6 to 20% of the total cells, while in the case of colorectal carcinomas, they represent between 1.8 to 24.5% of the cells. [A] Additionally, in general, the percentage of CSCs in solid tumours has been found to be significantly higher than the percentage of leukemic stem cells. [Z15] This heterogeneity has implications on the prognosis of the disease as well as the outcomes of various therapeutic interventions. It is envisioned that with the identification of more refined markers and improved methods for determination of CSC frequency, we may eventually be able to correlate the percentage of CSCs with the tumour grade and the outcome. [A]

Feedback Stress: Does Auditory Feedback Negatively Affect Performance o

The Stroop Effect In his historic study, Stroop found that reading names of colors interfered with individuals’ ability to name the ink color the word was printed in when the two differed (i.e., the word â€Å"BLUE† written in red ink) (1935). However, the basis of this phenomenon can be traced back to Cattell who found that naming colors and pictures took twice as long to accomplish than reading the word these colors or pictures represented (1886). He concluded that this was due to reading being an automatic process while identifying colors or pictures requires a conscious effort (Cattell, 1886). MacLeod (1991) reflects that it was Cattell’s work which strongly influenced future psychologist including Stroop. In his experiment, Stroop investigated how the reaction time to name colors increased when it conflicted with the automatic process of reading. He broke down his experiment into three parts. In the first, he tested how reading the name of a color printed in a different ink color (i.e., BLUE) differed from reading the name of a color printed in black ink (i.e., BLUE). The difference between the name of the color and the ink color it was printed in caused a slight interference resulting in an increased reaction time of 2.3 seconds (Stroop, 1935). In the second part of his experiment, Stroop (1935) looked at reaction time differences between naming the color of solid blocks (i.e., ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"  ) versus naming the color of the ink not the name of the color (i.e., responding â€Å"RED† for BLUE). He found that participants required 74% more time to name the color of the ink when it did not agree with the name of the color (Stroop, 1935). Stroop concluded that it was the interference between the automatic process of reading the na... ...a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254-284. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254 MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop Effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109(2), 163-203. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163 Richards, A., French, C. C., Johnson, W. Naparstek, J., & Williams, J. (1992). Effects of mood manipulation and anxiety on performance of an emotional Stroop task. British Journal of Psychology, 83(4), 479-491. Shor, R. E. (1975). An auditory analog of the Stroop test. Journal of General Psychology, 93(2), 281-288. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662. Thorndike, E. L. (1913). Educational psychology, volume ii: The psychology of learning. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University.